Clinical Skills ENT and Neck Practice Test

The medication that is typically used for immediate relief of severe allergic reactions affecting the airway is epinephrine. In cases of anaphylaxis, which can lead to significant airway obstruction due to swelling, broncoconstriction, or both, epinephrine is the first-line treatment.

Epinephrine works by stimulating alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, which results in vasoconstriction (reducing swelling and relieving pressure in the airway) and bronchodilation (opening the airways), thereby reversing the life-threatening effects of severe allergic reactions. This rapid response is crucial in emergency situations, making epinephrine essential for treating anaphylaxis effectively.

In contrast, antihistamines, while helpful for managing allergic symptoms like itching and hives, do not provide immediate relief for airway complications. Intranasal decongestants are effective for nasal congestion but are not indicated for severe allergic reactions affecting the airway. Systemic corticosteroids can reduce inflammation over time but take several hours to have an effect and are not suitable for immediate treatment of anaphylaxis.